Comparative analysis of HFO-1234ze(E) and R-515B as low GWP alternatives to HFC-134a in moderately high temperature heat pumps

This article provides a theoretical energy performance and carbon footprint analysis of the hydrofluoroolefin HFO-1234ze(E) mixture R-515B as low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants to replace hydrofluorocarbon HFC-134a in different heat pump applications. The reference configuration is single-stage cycle with an internal exchanger (IHX). In this way, impact IHX on medium moderately high temperature heating applications has been investigated. result approx. 25% lower capacity than due diminution latent vaporisation suction density. difference between remains below 2%. coefficient (COP) alternative GWP comparable that at proposed conditions. environmental illustrates can reduce down 18% 15%, respectively, equivalent CO2 emissions compared low-temperature space addition, reduction arrive 78% when natural gas boiler, considered conventional technology (domestic hot water, industrial processes, radiators). Although present performance, latter refrigerant advantage regard installation safety requirements non-flammable (A1).